ขั้นตอนต่างๆ ขอให้ทำไปทีละขั้น ทีล่ะตอน อย่าข้าม และเมื่อจบทั้งขบวนการแล้ว
ท่านมี ระบบใหม่ ทั้ง kernel และ systems แน่นอน รับประกันได้
ติดตั้ง cvsup ก่อน (ถ้าเคยติดตั้งไปก่อนหน้านี้แล้วก็ไม่ต้องทำ)
โค้ด:
#cd /usr/ports/net/cvsup-without-gui
#make install clean
#rehash
จากนั้น cvsup เอา src ใหม่มา
โค้ด:
#cvsup -g -L 2 -h cvsup5.freebsd.org /usr/share/examples/cvsup/stable-supfile
(server cvsup5.freebsd.org ถ้า 5 ไม่ได้ ให้เปลี่ยนไปเรื่อยๆ มีตั้งแต่ 1 - 18 เลือกเอาเอง)
ถ้าจะแก้ไข kernel configuration ก่อน ก็ให้ไปแก้ที่ไฟล์ /usr/src/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC
หรือจะสำเนาออกมาไว้อีกชุดก็ได้ เช่นชื่อ MYKERN
โค้ด:
#cp /usr/src/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC /usr/src/sys/i386/conf/MYKERN
#pico /usr/src/sys/i386/conf/MYKERN
แก้ไขค่าต่างๆตามความเหมาะสม เซฟไฟล์ แล้วออกจาก pico
โค้ด:
#cd /usr/src
#make buildworld
#make buildkernel KERNCONF=MYKERN
#make installkernel KERNCONF=MYKERN
#mergemaster -p
#shutdown -r now
พอ boot เข้าไปที่หน้าเมนู (เวลานับเวลาถอยหลัง 10 วินาที)
ให้เลือกเมนู 4 เพื่อเข้าสู่ single user mode แล้วสั่ง mount partition ตามคำสั่งดังนี้
โค้ด:
#fsck -p
#mount -uw /
#mount -a -t ufs
#swapon -a
#adjkerntz -i
#cd /usr/src
#make installworld
#mergemaster -cv
How should I deal with this? [Use the existing /var/tmp/temproot] ตรงนี้ให้ตอบ d เพื่อลบข้อมูลเก่าทิ้ง
*** Press the [Enter] or [Return] key to continue เคาะ Enter ไปเลย
ขั้นตอนนี้กด i เพื่อ install ได้เลยมันจะโชว์ไฟล์ระบบที่ได้มาใหม่ กับของเก่าที่มีอยู่อ่านให้ดี ๆ
พึงใช้สามัญสำนึกให้มากๆไว้ตรงนี้ด้วยว่า อย่างพวก /etc/group, /etc/passwd.master หรือถ้าจัด named.conf ไว้แล้ว ก็อย่าไปรับของใหม่มา
จากนั้นรีบูตเครื่องอีกครั้ง
เมื่อทุกอย่างเรียบร้อย พอบูตเข้าระบบท่านก็จะมี system = 6.1-STABLE และ MYKERN kernel ทันที !
ลองใช้คำสั่ง umane -a
ก็จะเห็นเป็น FreeBSD 6.1-STABLE และ MYKERNEL สมใจแล้วละครับ
แหล่งเอกสารอ้างอิง:
http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO...ook/cvsup.html
http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO...makeworld.html
ปล. ในการทำ Stable นั้น ไม่ต้องห่วงว่า ข้อมูลในเครื่องจะหาย
คนล่ะส่วนกัน นี่เค้าเรียกว่า Kernel ไม่ใช่ Package
และถ้าจะให้ดีนะครับ อยากจะแนะนำว่า ควรทำก่อนการติดตั้ง FAMP (FreeBSD Apache MySQL PHP
ตัวอย่างไฟล์ /usr/src/sys/i386/conf/MYKERN
โค้ด:
#
# GENERIC -- Generic kernel configuration file for FreeBSD/i386
#
# For more information on this file, please read the handbook section on
# Kernel Configuration Files:
#
# http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO...ig-config.html
#
# The handbook is also available locally in /usr/share/doc/handbook
# if you've installed the doc distribution, otherwise always see the
# FreeBSD World Wide Web server (http://www.FreeBSD.org/) for the
# latest information.
#
# An exhaustive list of options and more detailed explanations of the
# device lines is also present in the ../../conf/NOTES and NOTES files.
# If you are in doubt as to the purpose or necessity of a line, check first
# in NOTES.
#
# $FreeBSD: src/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC,v 1.429.2.7.2.2 2006/05/01 00:15:12 scottl Exp $
machine i386
#cpu I486_CPU
#cpu I586_CPU
cpu I686_CPU
ident KUNDREAM
# To statically compile in device wiring instead of /boot/device.hints
#hints "GENERIC.hints" # Default places to look for devices.
makeoptions DEBUG=-g # Build kernel with gdb(1) debug symbols
#options SCHED_ULE # ULE scheduler
options SCHED_4BSD # 4BSD scheduler
options PREEMPTION # Enable kernel thread preemption
options INET # InterNETworking
options INET6 # IPv6 communications protocols
options FFS # Berkeley Fast Filesystem
options SOFTUPDATES # Enable FFS soft updates support
options UFS_ACL # Support for access control lists
options UFS_DIRHASH # Improve performance on big directories
options MD_ROOT # MD is a potential root device
options NFSCLIENT # Network Filesystem Client
options NFSSERVER # Network Filesystem Server
options NFS_ROOT # NFS usable as /, requires NFSCLIENT
options MSDOSFS # MSDOS Filesystem
options CD9660 # ISO 9660 Filesystem
options PROCFS # Process filesystem (requires PSEUDOFS)
options PSEUDOFS # Pseudo-filesystem framework
options GEOM_GPT # GUID Partition Tables.
options COMPAT_43 # Compatible with BSD 4.3 [KEEP THIS!]
options COMPAT_FREEBSD4 # Compatible with FreeBSD4
options COMPAT_FREEBSD5 # Compatible with FreeBSD5
#options SCSI_DELAY=5000 # Delay (in ms) before probing
options KTRACE # ktrace(1) support
options SYSVSHM # SYSV-style shared memory
options SYSVMSG # SYSV-style message queues
options SYSVSEM # SYSV-style semaphores
options _KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING # POSIX P1003_1B real-time extensions
options KBD_INSTALL_CDEV # install a CDEV entry in /dev
options AHC_REG_PRETTY_PRINT # Print register bitfields in debug
# output. Adds ~128k to driver.
options AHD_REG_PRETTY_PRINT # Print register bitfields in debug
# output. Adds ~215k to driver.
options ADAPTIVE_GIANT # Giant mutex is adaptive.
device apic # I/O APIC
# Bus support.
device eisa
device pci
# Floppy drives
device fdc
# ATA and ATAPI devices
device ata
device atadisk # ATA disk drives
#device ataraid # ATA RAID drives
#device atapicd # ATAPI CDROM drives
device atapifd # ATAPI floppy drives
#device atapist # ATAPI tape drives
options ATA_STATIC_ID # Static device numbering
# SCSI Controllers
#device ahb # EISA AHA1742 family
#device ahc # AHA2940 and onboard AIC7xxx devices
#device ahd # AHA39320/29320 and onboard AIC79xx
#devices
#device amd # AMD 53C974 (Tekram DC-390(T))
#device isp # Qlogic family
##device ispfw # Firmware for QLogic HBAs- normally a
#module
#device mpt # LSI-Logic MPT-Fusion
#device ncr # NCR/Symbios Logic
#device sym # NCR/Symbios Logic (newer chipsets +
#those of `ncr')
#device trm # Tekram DC395U/UW/F DC315U adapters
#device adv # Advansys SCSI adapters
#device adw # Advansys wide SCSI adapters
#device aha # Adaptec 154x SCSI adapters
#device aic # Adaptec 15[012]x SCSI adapters,
#AIC-6[23]60.
#device bt # Buslogic/Mylex MultiMaster SCSI adapters
#device ncv # NCR 53C500
#device nsp # Workbit Ninja SCSI-3
#device stg # TMC 18C30/18C50
# SCSI peripherals
device scbus # SCSI bus (required for SCSI)
#device ch # SCSI media changers
device da # Direct Access (disks)
#device sa # Sequential Access (tape etc)
#device cd # CD
#device pass # Passthrough device (direct SCSI access)
#device ses # SCSI Environmental Services (and
#SAF-TE)
# RAID controllers interfaced to the SCSI subsystem
#device amr # AMI MegaRAID
#device arcmsr # Areca SATA II RAID
#device asr # DPT SmartRAID V, VI and Adaptec SCSI
#RAID
#device ciss # Compaq Smart RAID 5*
#device dpt # DPT Smartcache III, IV - See NOTES for
#options
#device hptmv # Highpoint RocketRAID 182x
#device rr232x # Highpoint RocketRAID 232x
#device iir # Intel Integrated RAID
#device ips # IBM (Adaptec) ServeRAID
#device mly # Mylex AcceleRAID/eXtremeRAID
device twa # 3ware 9000 series PATA/SATA RAID
# RAID controllers
#device aac # Adaptec FSA RAID
#device aacp # SCSI passthrough for aac (requires CAM)
#device ida # Compaq Smart RAID
#device mfi # LSI MegaRAID SAS
#device mlx # Mylex DAC960 family
#device pst # Promise Supertrak SX6000
#device twe # 3ware ATA RAID
# atkbdc0 controls both the keyboard and the PS/2 mouse
device atkbdc # AT keyboard controller
device atkbd # AT keyboard
#device psm # PS/2 mouse
device kbdmux # keyboard multiplexer
device vga # VGA video card driver
device splash # Splash screen and screen saver support
# syscons is the default console driver, resembling an SCO console
device sc
# Enable this for the pcvt (VT220 compatible) console driver
#device vt
#options XSERVER # support for X server on a vt console
#options FAT_CURSOR # start with block cursor
device agp # support several AGP chipsets
# Power management support (see NOTES for more options)
#device apm
# Add suspend/resume support for the i8254.
device pmtimer
# PCCARD (PCMCIA) support
# PCMCIA and cardbus bridge support
#device cbb # cardbus (yenta) bridge
#device pccard # PC Card (16-bit) bus
#device cardbus # CardBus (32-bit) bus
# Serial (COM) ports
device sio # 8250, 16[45]50 based serial ports
# Parallel port
device ppc
device ppbus # Parallel port bus (required)
device lpt # Printer
device plip # TCP/IP over parallel
#device ppi # Parallel port interface device
#device vpo # Requires scbus and da
# If you've got a "dumb" serial or parallel PCI card that is
# supported by the puc(4) glue driver, uncomment the following
# line to enable it (connects to the sio and/or ppc drivers):
#device puc
# PCI Ethernet NICs.
#device de # DEC/Intel DC21x4x (``Tulip'')
#device em # Intel PRO/1000 adapter Gigabit Ethernet
#Card
#device ixgb # Intel PRO/10GbE Ethernet Card
#device txp # 3Com 3cR990 (``Typhoon'')
#device vx # 3Com 3c590, 3c595 (``Vortex'')
# PCI Ethernet NICs that use the common MII bus controller code.
# NOTE: Be sure to keep the 'device miibus' line in order to use these NICs!
device miibus # MII bus support
device bce # Broadcom BCM5706/BCM5708 Gigabit Ethernet
device bfe # Broadcom BCM440x 10/100 Ethernet
device bge # Broadcom BCM570xx Gigabit Ethernet
device dc # DEC/Intel 21143 and various workalikes
device fxp # Intel EtherExpress PRO/100B (82557, 82558)
#device lge # Level 1 LXT1001 gigabit Ethernet
#device nge # NatSemi DP83820 gigabit Ethernet
device nve # nVidia nForce MCP on-board Ethernet Networking
#device pcn # AMD Am79C97x PCI 10/100(precedence over
#'lnc')
device re # RealTek 8139C+/8169/8169S/8110S
device rl # RealTek 8129/8139
device sf # Adaptec AIC-6915 (``Starfire'')
#device sis # Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900/SiS
#7016
#device sk # SysKonnect SK-984x & SK-982x gigabit
#Ethernet
#device ste # Sundance ST201 (D-Link DFE-550TX)
#device ti # Alteon Networks Tigon I/II gigabit
#Ethernet
#device tl # Texas Instruments ThunderLAN
#device tx # SMC EtherPower II (83c170 ``EPIC'')
#device vge # VIA VT612x gigabit Ethernet
#device vr # VIA Rhine, Rhine II
#device wb # Winbond W89C840F
#device xl # 3Com 3c90x (``Boomerang'', ``Cyclone'')
# ISA Ethernet NICs. pccard NICs included.
device cs # Crystal Semiconductor CS89x0 NIC
# 'device ed' requires 'device miibus'
#device ed # NE[12]000, SMC Ultra, 3c503, DS8390
#cards
#device ex # Intel EtherExpress Pro/10 and Pro/10+
#device ep # Etherlink III based cards
#device fe # Fujitsu MB8696x based cards
#device ie # EtherExpress 8/16, 3C507, StarLAN 10
#etc.
#device lnc # NE2100, NE32-VL Lance Ethernet cards
#device sn # SMC's 9000 series of Ethernet chips
#device xe # Xircom pccard Ethernet
# Wireless NIC cards
#device wlan # 802.11 support
#device an # Aironet 4500/4800 802.11 wireless NICs.
#device awi # BayStack 660 and others
#device ral # Ralink Technology RT2500 wireless NICs.
#device wi # WaveLAN/Intersil/Symbol 802.11 wireless
#NICs.
#device wl # Older non 802.11 Wavelan wireless NIC.
# Pseudo devices.
device loop # Network loopback
device random # Entropy device
device ether # Ethernet support
device sl # Kernel SLIP
device ppp # Kernel PPP
device tun # Packet tunnel.
device pty # Pseudo-ttys (telnet etc)
device md # Memory "disks"
device gif # IPv6 and IPv4 tunneling
device faith # IPv6-to-IPv4 relaying (translation)
# The `bpf' device enables the Berkeley Packet Filter.
# Be aware of the administrative consequences of enabling this!
# Note that 'bpf' is required for DHCP.
device bpf # Berkeley packet filter
# USB support
#device uhci # UHCI PCI->USB interface
#device ohci # OHCI PCI->USB interface
#device ehci # EHCI PCI->USB interface (USB 2.0)
device usb # USB Bus (required)
#device udbp # USB Double Bulk Pipe devices
#device ugen # Generic
#device uhid # "Human Interface Devices"
#device ukbd # Keyboard
#device ulpt # Printer
device umass # Disks/Mass storage - Requires scbus and da
#device ums # Mouse
#device ural # Ralink Technology RT2500USB wireless
#NICs
#device urio # Diamond Rio 500 MP3 player
#device uscanner # Scanners
# USB Ethernet, requires miibus
#device aue # ADMtek USB Ethernet
#device axe # ASIX Electronics USB Ethernet
#device cdce # Generic USB over Ethernet
#device cue # CATC USB Ethernet
#device kue # Kawasaki LSI USB Ethernet
#device rue # RealTek RTL8150 USB Ethernet
# FireWire support
#device firewire # FireWire bus code
#device sbp # SCSI over FireWire (Requires scbus and
#da)
#device fwe # Ethernet over FireWire (non-standard!)
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